Balance Sheet metric

Total Debt

Adds interest-bearing short-term and long-term borrowings owed by the company.

Formula

Total Debt = Short-Term Borrowings + Current Debt + Long-Term Debt

Worked example$0.6 billion of short-term borrowings plus $4.0 billion of long-term debt gives total debt of $4.6 billion.

Calculation steps

  1. Find short-term and current borrowings: $0.6 billion.
  2. Find long-term debt: $4.0 billion.
  3. Add them to get $4.6 billion of total debt.

How to interpret it

Debt is not automatically harmful; risk depends on interest cost, maturity timing, covenants, and the cash flow available to service it.

Industry context

Utilities, real estate, banks, and asset-heavy companies often carry more debt than asset-light firms, so industry norms matter.

Common mistakes

  • Do not mix lease liabilities with debt inconsistently.
  • Review gross debt, net debt, and maturities.
  • Check off-balance-sheet obligations and guarantees.